About skilled Abacus Users and the training of intelligence.
Mr. Lin and Mr.Haqits, professors in Osaka Education University, studied abacus users and found that abacus training can help to cultivate and to improve their intelligence. They wrote thesis to journal of British medical Science. Dr.Sinagwakane, professor of Japan Medical University, Mr. Kawano and Mr. Osisewbi did some research and made a report to the 68th Conference of Japan Physiology Association in Kyoto.

A Dissertation Submitted for the Dr. Degree in Abacus Study
Associate professor of University of Chicago, Dr.James Stigler, wrote his Doctoral Dissertation about abacus study. He stayed in Taiwan for two years and did research to the students. He gave a test before taking abacus lessons, then taking lessons and after that he completed abacus lessons. Then he wrote doctoral dissertation and received PhD. His major is in Psychology in Human Behavior. Later, he wrote many theses, including the "Mental Abacus - The Effect of Abacus Training on Chinese Children's Mental Calculation".

Japanese~ American Co-operative Study on the Effects on Abacus Education
Dr. Flanagan in University of Maryland and Dr.Biga, a professor in Liuqiu University cooperated to study the achievements of Japanese and American students in mathematics. The result shows that Japanese children's arithmetic scores are higher than American students are, above all, abacus learners are top in every grade.

A Guide to the Experiment on the Effects of Abacus Education
American Education wanted to know why American tend to reject arithmetic. They introduced abacus to the classrooms. Children like to work with abacus in a concrete way instead of abstract way. They gradually changed to be fond of studying arithmetic.

Concentration Effects
Decker Avenue School in California did a research for CONCENTRATION after introducing abacus to the children. The result was good.

The Particular Teaching Tool
Children like to work something concretely instead of having seats and listening to lectures. Abacus learning is good for active attitude toward study, as some as Haslett's and piaget's theories.

Author:  Mr. Kouzi Suzuki,
President of English Mental Arithmetic Education Association of Japan